In observing the development of Chinese merchant groups, it becomes apparent that no business group can exist without the timely opportunities, adequate facilities, as well as the favorable geographical position.
Splendor enjoys Shanxi, Anhui and the merchants of old have become legendary. However, the special circumstances that have blessed the beginning of reform and opening up of China, up, led to unprecedented economic achievements of the merchants in Guangdong Province, as the appearance of multi-level market economy has cultivated successful businessmen Zhejiang.
Shanxi merchant group, from the region, with a fair amount of barren land, achieved commercial fame, perhaps even earlier than that of Hui merchants. Their trade routes, more in the direction of North-South cooperation, national and comes to Russia through the caravan land routes. But what brought them to unprecedented prosperity of their nation-wide service to transfer money from the 19 th century.
Legend has it that it all started about 1810-ies when the dye and dye merchant beginning of the first piaohao China, the banking firm that provided merchants and long-distance travelers with projects that they can be exchanged for cash at the specified office after reaching their destination that effectively reduce the costs and risks of carrying bulky metallic cash.
By the mid-19 th century, tens of piaohao firms based in the three counties of Shanxi province has been the establishment of offices in all major commercial cities in China, and turning, of all places in China, Pingyao, a remote, little-known city, the financial center of a nationwide network of cash transfers. After a century, they reached in Japan and Korea. Thus, for a century until the fall of the Qing in 1911, Shanxi, bankers locked money transmitting business in China.
Geographic location Huizhou was significant for the economy of southeastern China as a liaison between the South and North. As a result, the specific geographical conditions of Huizhou and the need for economic development, landowners began to do business.
In theSouthern Song Dynasty (1127-1279), as the capital was moved fromKaifengto Lin'an (now Hangahou), political and economic center shifted to the south as well. This stimulated the economy of the neighboring development, and introduced the culture of Central Plains to the south.
In the Southern Song imperial court moved its capital from the north to the eastern city ofHangzhouin 1132, Huizhou merchants were on hand to supply of bamboo, wood, lacquer, and masters for the construction of palaces, pavilions and villas, andtemples.
This construction boom provided Huizhou traders capital for the branch into new industries and provinces. It turns out that with the strengthening of the southern economy, the location of Huizhou in the period between the provinces of Zhejiang andJiangsu can be done to make a profit. Soon Huizhou has become a key communication and trade routes, as well as local retailers diversified into the sale of tea, grain, silk, fabrics, paints, ceramics, inks and paper.
Nevertheless, it was when the Huizhou merchants turned to high profits and salt pawnbroking businesses that they can accelerate their expansion. Thus, they have spread to all corners of China, and even expanded to several countries in South-East Asia. Indeed, it was stated that the board EmperorGuangxi (1875-1909) all pawnshops in China were from Huizhou.
As a testing ground for the reform and opening up of China, the activities of policy, Guangdong Province, with its proximity to the favorable theHong Congo, virtually monopolized foreign trade business of the country from 1978 to 1993.
Statistics show that over these 15 years, more than 70 percent of foreign investment came from the mainland of Hong Kong (now Hong Kong Special Region, administrative or Hong Kong). Meanwhile, Guangdong has become the main corridor between China and the rest of the world.
This is a long monopoly of Guangdong have helped to complete the initial accumulation of capital and economic powers flourishingPearl RiverDelta educate and stimulate the growth of an increasingly active group of trade of Guangdong.
Roving nation itinerant artist making furniture, building houses, as well as paving of shoes, Zhejiang businessmen were only their tenacity and reputation speak for them. Skorbyah they faced for many years, seems to inspire them the spirit of hard work and commitment to success.
One of the most important factors in their success was the interpersonal relationships and distribution networks they developed during their past efforts. These networks, based on kinship alliances and countless business relationships with local authorities led to much power for the entire market.
Although the provinces and regions of the leading business groups in China have changed several times throughout the ancient and modern history, the basic can-do spirit and commitment to excellence has experienced.